Health Innovation Reports
type: channel
description: Health Innovation Reports (HIR) (ISSN: 3080-7557) is a quarterly, international, peer-reviewed open-access journal that publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, commentaries, and letters. The journal focuses on advancing healthcare through innovative practices, health technologies, policies, and interdisciplinary approaches spanning medicine, nursing, public health, and biomedical sciences. HIR seeks to support evidence-based solutions and welcomes contributions that address emerging challenges, promote healthcare education, and improve clinical and policy outcomes. The journal encourages collaboration among researchers, clinicians, educators, and policymakers to drive impactful transformation in global health systems. The journal is published by Health Innovation Press, an independent academic publisher committed to disseminating high-quality, open-access scholarly content in the health sciences.
publisher: Health Innovation Press
language: en
publication name: Health Innovation Reports
issn: 3080-7557
copyright: All articles published in Health Innovation Reports are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This means anyone is free to share and adapt the work, provided proper attribution is given to the original authors and source.
items: Teachers’ Knowledge of Basic First Aid in Public, Private, and International Primary Schools in Erbil City, 2024–2025
items: Contraceptive Pill Side Effects and Their Prevalence Among Women Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers in the Kurdistan Region
items: Scrolling vs. Studying: The Impact of Social Media on High School Students’ Study Habits in Erbil, 2024-2025
items: Crossed Testicular Ectopia in a Three-Year-Old: Case Report and Literature Review
items: Persistent Antimicrobial Activity in Piezocatalytic Nanoparticles: The Critical Role of Synthesis Design
items: Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI) for Intensive Suicidal Ideation: A Narrative Review of a Rare and Critical Approach in Suicide Prevention
items: Metabolic Memory in Cancer Cells: Unraveling the Long-Term Epigenetic Footprint of Transient Stressors – A Narrative Review
items: Evergreen Plants in Medicine: A Narrative Review of Their Therapeutic Potential and Pharmacological Applications
items: The Psychological Effect of Antimicrobial Resistance in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
items: Assessment of Women's Knowledge About Ovarian Cysts at a Maternity Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil, 2024–2025.
items: Assessment of Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Weaning at Maternity and Raparin Teaching Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil, 2024–2025.
items: The Relationship Between Self-Esteem, Stigma, and Coping Strategies Among Breast Cancer Patients in Erbil City, 2024–2025.
items: Metachronous Unilateral Ovarian Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma with Chemotherapy Response: A Case Report
items: Epigenetic Dysregulation and Cancer Progression: How Epigenetic Modifications Shape Tumor Fate
items: Immuno-Gene Therapies in Oncology: A New Era Beyond Chemotherapy
items: Introducing Health Innovation Reports: Pioneering Healthcare Excellence and Innovation

Teachers’ Knowledge of Basic First Aid in Public, Private, and International Primary Schools in Erbil City, 2024–2025
type: item
description: Background and Aim: In Erbil City, primary school teachers often face situations that require immediate first aid, yet their level of knowledge may vary depending on training, school type, and experience. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of basic first aid (BFA) among teachers in public, private, and international primary schools. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 12th to June 21st, 2024, in 19 primary schools in Erbil City, including 10 public, 5 private, and 4 international schools, using systematic sampling method. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather data on demographic characteristics, BFA training background, emergency experiences, and knowledge of first aid across domains such as CPR, choking, trauma management, and general emergencies. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used, and Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations between knowledge levels and demographic or training variables. Results: A total of 264 teachers participated, of whom 39.0% were from public schools, 38.6% from private schools, and 22.3% from international schools. Overall, 35.6% of teachers had attended BFA training, with those trained achieving significantly higher knowledge scores than untrained teachers (p < 0.001). The mean knowledge score was 6.78 ± 2.86, indicating a fair level of knowledge overall. Training type and frequency were strongly associated with knowledge level, while gender was not significant. Younger teachers and those with more years of training showed better performance in cardiac, choking, trauma, and general emergency domains. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that primary school teachers in Erbil generally had fair knowledge of basic first aid, with training being the strongest predictor of higher knowledge. Expanding practical and theory-based training programs is essential to equip teachers with adequate first aid skills, …
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Basic first aid
  topic: keywords
subject: Teachers’ knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary schools
  topic: keywords
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency management
  topic: keywords
subject: Child safety
  topic: keywords
subject: School health
  topic: keywords
subject: School Health and Safety
  topic: subjects
subject: First Aid Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Teacher Training
  topic: subjects
subject: Emergency Preparedness
  topic: subjects
subject: Child Protection in Schools
  topic: subjects
subject: Health Education Policy
  topic: subjects
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
subject: Community Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jawdat Mamand Alhagbaker
creator: Jihad Haji Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jawdat Mamand Alhagbaker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 25
ending page: 36
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.004

Contraceptive Pill Side Effects and Their Prevalence Among Women Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers in the Kurdistan Region
type: item
description: Background and Aim: In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, contraceptive pills are widely used for family planning, but their side effects can significantly influence women’s health and healthcare-seeking behavior. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of side effects associated with contraceptive pills among women attending maternal and child health centers. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to April 2023 in maternal and child health centers across Erbil, Sulaimani, and Duhok, using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, clinical history, and side effects of contraceptive pills. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and Chi-square tests were applied to examine associations between major side effects and demographic or clinical characteristics. Results: Among 671 participants, the most frequently reported side effects were painful or missed periods (44.7%), headache (44.4%), fatigue (38.0%), and vision problems (35.3%). Rare but notable complications included blood clots (1.8%), breast lumps (3.3%), stroke (0.3%), and heart attack (0.4%). Younger women (20–29 years) reported higher rates of painful or missed periods (50.0%), while combined pill users experienced significantly higher frequencies of all major side effects compared to progesterone-only users (p < 0.001). Duration of use and higher education level were also significantly associated with increased prevalence of side effects (p < 0.05). Healthcare-seeking behavior showed 57.7% of women with side effects consulted providers, with gynecologists most frequently approached. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that side effects of contraceptive pills are common among women in the Kurdistan Region, with significant variations by age, education, type, and duration of use. Strengthe…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Contraceptive pills
  topic: keywords
subject: Side effects
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Women’s health
  topic: keywords
subject: Family planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Reproductive health
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurdistan Region
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal and Child Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Family Planning and Contraception
  topic: subjects
subject: Women’s Reproductive Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Public Health in the Middle East
  topic: subjects
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Obstetrics and Gynecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jawdat Mamand Alhagbaker
creator: Wahida Abdullah Ibrahim
creator: Lana Abdul Hamed Muhamed
creator: Sideeq Sadir Ali
creator: Jihad Haji Saleh
creator: Ammar Yassin Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jawdat Mamand Alhagbaker, Wahida Abdullah Ibrahim, Lana Abdul Hamed Muhamed, Sideeq Sadir Ali, Jihad Haji Saleh, Ammar Yassin Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 13
ending page: 24
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.003

Scrolling vs. Studying: The Impact of Social Media on High School Students’ Study Habits in Erbil, 2024-2025
type: item
description: Background and Aim: High school students are increasingly engaged with social media, which may influence their study habits, academic performance, and overall lifestyle. This study aimed to analyze the demographic patterns of social media use, its perceived impact on study habits, and the effectiveness of management strategies among high school students in Erbil. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 12th of July to 11th of November, 2024, in five public high schools in Erbil. Convenience sampling was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information and the Social Media and Study Habits Assessment Scale (SMSHAS), which measured distraction, lifestyle disruption, and academic outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA were conducted to assess associations between social media use, demographic variables, academic indicators, and management strategies. Results: A total of 500 students participated in the study. Most students reported daily social media use of 1–2 hours (37.2%) or 2–4 hours (34.0%), while 7.4% exceeded six hours. The most preferred platforms were YouTube (26.3%) and TikTok (25.7%). Negative impacts were common, with 73.8% reporting laziness, 62.0% experiencing sleep or eating difficulties, and 78.8% perceiving wasted time. Academic performance was significantly associated with daily usage hours (p < 0.001), as students using social media more than six hours daily had the lowest GPA (2.51 ± 0.79) compared to those using 1–2 hours (3.42 ± 0.58). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that high school students in Erbil are highly exposed to social media, with significant negative impacts on study habits and academic performance, particularly among heavy users. Educational stakeholders and policymakers should promote awareness campaigns and encourage the use of effective managem…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Social media
  topic: keywords
subject: Study habits
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital distraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media and Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Adolescent Health and Lifestyle
  topic: subjects
subject: Academic Performance and Learning Outcomes
  topic: subjects
subject: Digital Well-being
  topic: subjects
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Shamsadeen Abdullah Mohammed
creator: Helen Naif Ahmad
creator: Mohammed Tayeb Sadeeq
creator: Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan
creator: Zakaria Tahsin khdir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shamsadeen Abdullah Mohammed, Helen Naif Ahmad, Mohammed Tayeb Sadeeq, Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan, Zakaria Tahsin khdir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 3
ending page: 12
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.002

Crossed Testicular Ectopia in a Three-Year-Old: Case Report and Literature Review
type: item
description: Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is a rare congenital anomaly in which both testes descend toward the same hemiscrotum, with fewer than 150 cases reported in the literature. We present the case of a three-year-old boy who was admitted with swelling in the left inguinal region and bilaterally empty scrotum. Ultrasonography revealed one testis in the left inguinal canal and absence of the right testis. During inguinal exploration, both testes were found on the left side, confirming CTE. Each testis demonstrated normal morphology, vascularity, and adequate cord length, allowing successful left subdartos orchiopexy and right transseptal orchiopexy. The postoperative course was smooth, and follow-up confirmed proper placement of both testes in their respective scrotal compartments. This case emphasizes the importance of considering CTE in children with unilateral inguinal hernia and contralateral non-palpable testis and highlights the role of timely surgical intervention in preserving fertility and reducing malignancy risk.
subject: Case Insight
  topic: section
subject: Crossed testicular ectopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Transverse testicular ectopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Inguinal hernia
  topic: keywords
subject: Orchiopexy
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric urology
  topic: keywords
subject: Cryptorchidism
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric Urology
  topic: subjects
subject: Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies
  topic: subjects
subject: Cryptorchidism and Related Disorders
  topic: subjects
subject: Rare Pediatric Conditions
  topic: subjects
subject: Urology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pediatric Surgery
  topic: disciplines
subject: Clinical Case Reports
  topic: disciplines
subject: Reproductive Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yadgar Abduljabbar Shwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yadgar Shwani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 60
ending page: 64
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.008

Persistent Antimicrobial Activity in Piezocatalytic Nanoparticles: The Critical Role of Synthesis Design
type: item
description: Traditional antimicrobial strategies depend on the sustained presence of active agents, which often lose efficacy once degraded or removed. Recent advances in nanomaterial engineering challenge this paradigm, with piezocatalytic systems exhibiting enduring antimicrobial activity well beyond external stimulation. Optimized synthesis parameters—particularly calcination, defect engineering, and ultrasonic treatment—create crystalline architectures that sustain reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation even in the absence of continuous input. These features transform antimicrobial activity into a programmable material property, preserved by careful post-synthesis handling. Potential applications include bactericidal surfaces in healthcare and continuous disinfection in water treatment, reducing dependence on chemical agents. Importantly, such physically driven mechanisms offer strategic advantages against multidrug-resistant organisms by minimizing selective pressure for resistance. Overall, strategic synthesis design enables the creation of durable, self-renewing antimicrobial platforms with profound implications for global infection control.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Piezocatalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Reactive oxygen species
  topic: keywords
subject: Synthesis design
  topic: keywords
subject: Defect engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Infection control
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial Resistance
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanomaterials in Medicine
  topic: subjects
subject: Advanced Materials Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Infectious Disease Control
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Materials Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biomedical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Karzan Qurbani
creator: Safin Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Safin Hussein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.001

Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI) for Intensive Suicidal Ideation: A Narrative Review of a Rare and Critical Approach in Suicide Prevention
type: item
description: Suicide is a significant global public health issue, and suicidal ideation poses a substantial risk, especially when it becomes intensive, characterized by persistent and severe thoughts of suicide. Despite the high risk, effective interventions specifically targeting individuals with intensive suicidal ideation remain limited. The Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI) offers a novel approach to addressing this gap. By focusing on critical junctures, TMBI is designed to leverage teachable moments—naturally occurring events that create heightened awareness and motivation for change—to provide timely and focused intervention for those in suicidal crises. The intervention involves a single session that includes collaborative assessment, safety planning, and the identification of protective factors, all aimed at reducing suicidal ideation and promoting safety. However, the successful implementation of TMBI is not without its obstacles. Implementing TMBI faces challenges such as ensuring clinician preparedness, addressing short-term crisis management, and ensuring continuity of care. Given these challenges, future directions for TMBI involve enhancing clinician training, adapting the intervention for diverse populations, and integrating TMBI with other evidence-based strategies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of research on TMBI for intensive suicidal ideation.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Intensive suicidal ideation
  topic: keywords
subject: Suicide prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Crisis intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental health intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Suicide risk reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Brief Interventions in Psychiatry
  topic: subjects
subject: Clinical Suicide Research
  topic: subjects
subject: Psychotherapy and Counseling
  topic: subjects
subject: Suicide Prevention Strategies
  topic: subjects
subject: Behavioral Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mental Health Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychiatry
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hardi Abdulqader (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 48
ending page: 54
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.006

Metabolic Memory in Cancer Cells: Unraveling the Long-Term Epigenetic Footprint of Transient Stressors – A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Cancer cells demonstrate remarkable metabolic plasticity, allowing them to adapt and endure under harsh conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and chemotherapy. This plasticity is not merely short-term; it can create a cellular memory that persists. Notably, exposure to stressful conditions can trigger stable epigenetic changes that preprogram cell behavior, enhancing tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines the phenomenon of metabolic memory in cancer, aiming to explain how temporary stressors lead to long-term epigenetic adaptations that reshape cellular metabolism and phenotype. Key mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, all of which contribute to the reprogramming of metabolic pathways. This concept could hold therapeutic potential. Reversing stress-induced remodeling may be possible by focusing on metabolic enzymes or epigenetic regulators. Such strategies could enhance treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Metabolic memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer cells
  topic: keywords
subject: Epigenetic modifications
  topic: keywords
subject: Transient stressors
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapeutic resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Tumor plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Epigenetics
  topic: subjects
subject: Metabolic Reprogramming
  topic: subjects
subject: Tumor Microenvironment
  topic: subjects
subject: Therapeutic Strategies
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology Research
  topic: subjects
subject: Molecular Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Molecular Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Genetics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pharmacology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Cancer Research
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biomedical Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Karez Abdulghany
creator: Huda Jabbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Karez Abdulghany , Huda Jabbar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 37
ending page: 47
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.005

Evergreen Plants in Medicine: A Narrative Review of Their Therapeutic Potential and Pharmacological Applications
type: item
description: Evergreen plants, known for retaining their foliage throughout the year, play an essential ecological and medicinal role across diverse environments. Traditionally valued in various healing systems, these plants offer year-round accessibility and are rich in pharmacologically active compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botanical characteristics, phytochemical profiles, ethnobotanical uses, and pharmacological mechanisms of evergreen plants, while highlighting their clinical applications and research limitations. Evergreen species such as Taxus brevifolia, Camellia sinensis, and Ilex paraguariensis have demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. These properties are largely attributed to bioactive compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which interact with molecular pathways relevant to chronic and infectious diseases. Despite these promising attributes, current research is hindered by challenges such as inconsistent extraction methods, limited clinical trials, and threats to biodiversity due to overharvesting. This review highlights the need for standardized, interdisciplinary research approaches and sustainable practices to fully realize the medicinal potential of evergreen plants. It is recommended that future studies prioritize clinical validation, conservation, and integration of traditional knowledge into evidence-based frameworks.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Evergreen Plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal Plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacological Properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal Botany
  topic: subjects
subject: Herbal Pharmacology
  topic: subjects
subject: Plant-based Therapeutics
  topic: subjects
subject: Natural Products Research
  topic: subjects
subject: Ethnopharmacology
  topic: subjects
creator: Shilan Farhad Mamand
creator: Jihad Haji Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shilan Farhad Mamand, Jihad Haji Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 11
ending page: 17
doi: 10.64048/tx199w96

The Psychological Effect of Antimicrobial Resistance in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
type: item
description: Background and Aim: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common form of head and neck cancer, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has made its treatment increasingly challenging. AMR contributes to treatment failures, increased morbidity, and reduced survival rates among OSCC patients. Beyond these clinical impacts, this review aims to evaluate the psychological burdens associated with AMR in OSCC and to explore the effectiveness of mental health interventions tailored to these patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. To ensure a thorough examination of the topic, the review focused on the intersection of AMR, OSCC, and mental health interventions, with studies published from March 2001 to August 2024 being considered. Results: A total of 62 studies were reviewed, revealing that AMR in OSCC significantly exacerbates psychological burdens such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Interventions like mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) were identified as effective in reducing psychological distress and improving quality of life. Conclusion: The results indicate that AMR significantly worsens the psychological well-being of OSCC patients. Healthcare providers and policymakers are recommended to integrate mental health support into standard cancer care, enhance training on the psychological impact of AMR, and address barriers to mental health services. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating innovative mental health interventions and strategies to mitigate the impact of AMR on OSCC patients.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Burdens
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychosocial Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Psychology
  topic: subjects
subject: Head and Neck Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: Antimicrobial Resistance
  topic: subjects
subject: Supportive Cancer Care
  topic: subjects
subject: Behavioral Medicine
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychiatry
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychosocial Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medical Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Shilan Farhad Mamand
creator: Hardi Abdulqader Hasan
creator: Akam Fareeq Saber
creator: Mardin Fareeq Saber
creator: Jihad Haji Saleh
creator: Radhwan Saifadin Sabah
creator: Sima siyamand hussein
creator: Suha Saeed Azeez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shilan Farhad Mamand, Hardi Abdulqader Hasan, Akam Fareeq Saber, Mardin Fareeq Saber, Jihad Haji Saleh, Radhwan Saifadin Sabah, Sima siyamand hussein, Suha Saeed Azeez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 18
ending page: 31
doi: 10.64048/y96cn554

Assessment of Women's Knowledge About Ovarian Cysts at a Maternity Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil, 2024–2025.
type: item
description: Background and Aim: In Erbil, Iraq, limited awareness about ovarian cysts among women can delay diagnosis, affect treatment decisions, and contribute to complications. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding ovarian cysts among women attending Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 15, 2024, to January 15, 2025, at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil. A structured questionnaire was used, which included socio-demographic characteristics and 27 items assessing knowledge related to the definition, types, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, and prevention and treatment of ovarian cysts. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between knowledge levels and demographic variables, followed by ordinal regression analysis for adjusted associations. Results: A total of 220 women participated in the study. More than half demonstrated a fair level of knowledge, while a substantial proportion had good awareness, particularly regarding symptoms and prevention methods. A statistically significant association was found between number of children and knowledge levels, with women who had fewer or no children showing better understanding. Ordinal regression analysis further confirmed that marital status significantly influenced knowledge, with divorced women having higher knowledge levels than others. Conclusions: The study revealed that most women had fair to good knowledge about ovarian cysts, particularly in symptomatic and preventive aspects. Policymakers and healthcare providers are recommended to implement targeted educational programs to improve awareness, especially in areas related to causes, risk factors, and complications.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Ovarian Cyst
  topic: keywords
subject: Women’s Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Gynecology
  topic: keywords
subject: Gynecologic Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Patient Knowledge
  topic: subjects
subject: Reproductive Health Awareness
  topic: subjects
subject: Ovarian Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Women’s Preventive Care
  topic: subjects
subject: Obstetrics and Gynecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Reproductive Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Health Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Srwa Abdulrahman Mustafa
creator: Ala Sabah Nashat
creator: Eman Qaid Ebrahim
creator: Dashne Kayfi Majid
creator: Gardoon Yassin Abdulrahman
creator: Jihad Haji Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Srwa Abdulrahman Mustafa, Ala Sabah Nashat, Eman Qaid Ebrahim, Dashne Kayfi Majid, Gardoon Yassin Abdulrahman, Jihad Haji Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 54
ending page: 64
doi: 10.64048/xc6h3927

Assessment of Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Weaning at Maternity and Raparin Teaching Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil, 2024–2025.
type: item
description: Background and Aim: In Erbil, Iraq, weaning practices play a critical role in early childhood nutrition and maternal decision-making. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding weaning among mothers attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Raparin Teaching Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Maternity Teaching Hospital and Raparin Teaching Hospital from September 15 to November 5, 2024, using purposive sampling. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: the first included demographic data, while the second and third were self-structured tools developed to assess mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward weaning. Chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and ordinal regression were used to examine associations between the main variables and potential confounding factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 Results: A total of 235 mothers participated in the study. The findings showed that most mothers demonstrated fair levels of both knowledge and attitude toward weaning, with mean scores of 33.99 ± 2.89 and 30.48 ± 3.76, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.31, p < .001), indicating that greater knowledge was associated with a more favorable attitude. Ordinal regression analysis identified the number of children as a significant predictor of both knowledge and attitude levels, while other socio-demographic variables showed no significant associations. Conclusions: The study concluded that mothers in Erbil generally have fair knowledge and attitudes toward weaning. Policymakers and healthcare providers are recommended to implement targeted educational programs to enhance maternal awareness and promote positive weaning practices.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Weaning
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Infant Nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Breastfeeding Cessation
  topic: keywords
subject: Parenting Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Child Nutrition
  topic: subjects
subject: Maternal Health Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Infant Feeding Practices
  topic: subjects
subject: Pediatric Care
  topic: subjects
subject: Cross-Sectional Studies
  topic: subjects
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pediatrics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Maternal and Child Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Health Promotion
  topic: disciplines
creator: Shamsadeen Abdullah Mohammed
creator: Zainab Muzafar Muhammad
creator: Hanan Shawkat Kamal
creator: Payam Sarbaz Muhammed
creator: Hanan Nazm Arf
creator: Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shamsadeen Abdullah Mohammed, Zainab Muzafar Muhammad, Hanan Shawkat Kamal, Payam Sarbaz Muhammed, Hanan Nazm Arf, Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 42
ending page: 53
doi: 10.64048/g8vxyp72

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem, Stigma, and Coping Strategies Among Breast Cancer Patients in Erbil City, 2024–2025.
type: item
description: Background and Aim: Breast cancer patients often face psychological challenges, including diminished self-esteem and stigma, which can impact their coping strategies. This study aimed to assess the levels of self-esteem and stigma among breast cancer patients in Erbil City and analyze their relationship with coping mechanisms. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10, 2024, to February 20, 2025, in two hospitals in Erbil City, using purposive sampling. The study contained four parts, including demographic data and three standardized tools: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) to assess self-esteem, the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) to evaluate stigma, and the Cancer Coping Questionnaire to measure coping strategies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression applied to examine associations between self-esteem, stigma, coping strategies, and demographic variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 109 breast cancer patients participated in the study. The mean scores for self-esteem, stigma, and coping strategies were 26.84 ± 7.33, 122.47 ± 16.90, and 53.47 ± 14.72, respectively, indicating that all three variables were at a moderate level among participants. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between stigma and self-esteem (r = -0.16, p < 0.001), suggesting that higher stigma was associated with lower self-esteem. Additionally, stigma was negatively correlated with coping strategies (r = -0.61, p < 0.001), while self-esteem was positively correlated with coping strategies (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), indicating that higher self-esteem was linked to better coping strategies. Conclusion: The study found that breast cancer patients had moderate levels of stigma, self-esteem, and coping strategies. It is recommended that policymakers and healthcare providers develop targeted psychosocial interventions to reduce stigma, enh…
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Breast Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Esteem
  topic: keywords
subject: Stigma
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Well-Being
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Patients
  topic: keywords
subject: Psycho-Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: Cancer Survivorship
  topic: subjects
subject: Health Psychology
  topic: subjects
subject: Stigma and Mental Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Patient Coping Mechanisms
  topic: subjects
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mental Health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yousif Abdulsatar Jabbar
creator: Banaz Othman Ali
creator: Amez Abubakr Omar
creator: Arena Nawzad Awsu
creator: Ahmed Ali Rasool
creator: Mosleh Saber Kareem
creator: Arpi Manookian
creator: Ahmed Naif Ali
creator: Safin Hussein
creator: Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yousif Abdulsatar Jabbar, Banaz Othman Ali, Amez Abubakr Omar, Arena Nawzad Awsu, Ahmed Ali Rasool, Mosleh Saber Kareem, Arpi Manookian, Ahmed Naif Ali, Safin Hussein, Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 32
ending page: 41
doi: 10.64048/xmvz9p74

Metachronous Unilateral Ovarian Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma with Chemotherapy Response: A Case Report
type: item
description: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) rarely metastasizes to the ovary, with only a few dozen cases reported in the literature. We report a rare case of a 23-year-old woman who initially presented with a large left renal mass and underwent radical nephrectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed unclassified clear renal adenocarcinoma. After completing six cycles of chemotherapy and three years of regular follow-up, a left adnexal mass was detected. Imaging and core biopsy confirmed metastatic ovarian involvement with histologic features identical to the primary renal tumor. The patient responded favorably to a second chemotherapy course, and laparoscopic oophorectomy revealed no residual malignancy. This case emphasizes the importance of long-term surveillance in RCC patients and highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by rare metastatic presentations mimicking primary ovarian tumors. Awareness of such rare pathways is essential for timely diagnosis, proper therapeutic decisions, and improved patient outcomes through multidisciplinary collaboration.
subject: Case Insight
  topic: section
subject: Renal Cell Carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Ovarian Metastasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Metachronous Tumor
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemotherapy Response
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunohistochemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Renal Cancer
  topic: subjects
subject: Rare Metastases
  topic: subjects
subject: Ovarian Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: Case Report in Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: Cancer Surveillance
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Gynecologic Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Surgical Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pathology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Urology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yadgar Abduljabbar Shwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yadgar Abduljabbar Shwani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 7
ending page: 10
doi: 10.64048/5yt7b645

Epigenetic Dysregulation and Cancer Progression: How Epigenetic Modifications Shape Tumor Fate
type: item
description: Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, play crucial roles in regulating gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. In cancer, these epigenetic processes are often disrupted, contributing to tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This article reviews the latest findings on epigenetic dysregulation in cancer, emphasizing how these modifications influence tumor behavior and presenting novel therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the epigenome. Additionally, we explore the potential for integrating epigenetic biomarkers into precision oncology to enhance patient outcomes, with a focus on recent advancements from 2022 to 2025.
subject: Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Epigenetics
  topic: keywords
subject: DNA methylation
  topic: keywords
subject: Histone modifications
  topic: keywords
subject: Tumor fate
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Epigenetics
  topic: subjects
subject: Tumor Microenvironment
  topic: subjects
subject: Epigenetic Biomarkers
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology Therapeutics
  topic: subjects
subject: Molecular Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Molecular Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Genetics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pharmacology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Cancer Research
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biomedical Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Farzand Farhad Hamid Hamid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Farzand Farhad Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 55
ending page: 59
doi: 10.64048/hir.v1n2.007

Immuno-Gene Therapies in Oncology: A New Era Beyond Chemotherapy
type: item
description: The field of oncology is undergoing a revolution, and it is transforming away from the conventional limits of chemotherapy into more targeted, durable, and patient-specific approaches. This commentary explores the compelling case for elevating cancer immuno-gene therapies to the forefront of cancer treatment. By leveraging the body's immune system and gene-editing technologies, these therapies are offering a paradigm shift-one that battles cancer at its gene and immunologic root rather than targeting merely the symptoms or halting cell growth. We scrutinize critically the drawbacks of chemotherapy, such as toxicity, non-specificity, and high relapse potential, against the progress made with CAR-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccine, and genetically modified immune cells. The backdrop is against which developments in CRISPR and synthetic biology are making better and targeted treatments less toxic. In spite of challenges like immense expense, regulatory challenges, and the intricacy of delivery mechanisms, the clinical and scientific impetus behind immuno-gene therapies is overwhelming. This paper argues that these technologies are not add-ons to conventional therapies but the building blocks of future oncology research. Focusing on the development of cancer immuno-gene therapies, the discipline can get closer to the age-old vision of curative, patien.t-specific cancer therapy.
subject: Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Gene Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Vaccine
  topic: keywords
subject: Immune Cells
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Immunotherapy
  topic: subjects
subject: Gene Editing in Oncology
  topic: subjects
subject: CAR-T Therapy
  topic: subjects
subject: Personalized Medicine
  topic: subjects
subject: CRISPR
  topic: subjects
subject: Biologic Cancer Treatment
  topic: subjects
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Molecular Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Immunology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Genetic Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pharmacology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Farzand Farhad Hamid Hamid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Farzand Farhad Hamid Hamid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 3
ending page: 6
doi: 10.64048/v4653v12

Introducing Health Innovation Reports: Pioneering Healthcare Excellence and Innovation
type: item
description: It is with great pride and anticipation that I present the inaugural issue of Health Innovation Reports (HIR). As Editor-in-Chief, I am honoured to share this significant milestone in our collective endeavour to advance evidence-based healthcare practices and innovation. Health Innovation Reports is conceived as a dynamic platform dedicated to disseminating cutting-edge research, insightful reviews, thought-provoking commentaries, and impactful case reports. Our primary objective is to bridge the gap between innovative health science research and clinical practice, fostering a community of informed clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and healthcare advocates. In recent years, the healthcare landscape has undergone dramatic transformations, propelled by technological advancements, shifting disease patterns, and evolving patient expectations. Amid these changes, timely access to accurate, reliable, and innovative health information has never been more critical. HIR emerges in response to this essential need, with a commitment to rigorous peer review and a robust ethical framework designed to ensure transparency, integrity, and scientific excellence in all published works. This inaugural issue has been thoughtfully crafted to reflect our dedication to diverse and multidisciplinary research. It contains original research articles exploring contemporary healthcare challenges and innovative solutions, alongside expert reviews that provide in-depth analyses of critical issues, and a compelling case report offering practical insights drawn from real-world clinical experiences. Each contribution exemplifies our commitment not only to scientific inquiry but also to practical applicability. Our editorial board comprises esteemed scholars and clinicians from diverse international backgrounds who share our vision of fostering innovation and excellence in healthcare research. We are deeply appreciative of their guidance, dedication, and unwavering commitment to maintaining the…
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Publishing
  topic: keywords
subject: Evidence-Based Practice
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation in Healthcare
  topic: subjects
subject: Scientific Publishing
  topic: subjects
subject: Open Access Journals
  topic: subjects
subject: Global Health Research
  topic: subjects
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nursing
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medical Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.64048/y7tpwm94