Health Innovation Reports (HIR) (ISSN: 3080-7557) is a quarterly, international, peer-reviewed open-access journal that publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, commentaries, and letters. The journal focuses on advancing healthcare through innovative practices, health technologies, policies, and interdisciplinary approaches spanning medicine, nursing, public health, and biomedical sciences. HIR seeks to support evidence-based solutions and welcomes contributions that address emerging challenges, promote healthcare education, and improve clinical and policy outcomes. The journal encourages collaboration among researchers, clinicians, educators, and policymakers to drive impactful transformation in global health systems. The journal is published by Health Innovation Press, an independent academic publisher committed to disseminating high-quality, open-access scholarly content in the health sciences.
All articles published in Health Innovation Reports are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This means anyone is free to share and adapt the work, provided proper attribution is given to the original authors and source.
Teachers’ Knowledge of Basic First Aid in Public, Private, and International Primary Schools in Erbil City, 2024–2025
Background and Aim: In Erbil City, primary school teachers often face situations that require immediate first aid, yet their level of knowledge may vary depending on training, school type, and experience. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of basic first aid (BFA) among teachers in public, private, and international primary schools. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 12th to June 21st, 2024, in 19 primary schools in Erbil City, including 10 public, 5 private, and 4 international schools, using systematic sampling method. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather data on demographic characteristics, BFA training background, emergency experiences, and knowledge of first aid across domains such as CPR, choking, trauma management, and general emergencies. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used, and Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations between knowledge levels and demographic or training variables. Results: A total of 264 teachers participated, of whom 39.0% were from public schools, 38.6% from private schools, and 22.3% from international schools. Overall, 35.6% of teachers had attended BFA training, with those trained achieving significantly higher knowledge scores than untrained teachers (p < 0.001). The mean knowledge score was 6.78 ± 2.86, indicating a fair level of knowledge overall. Training type and frequency were strongly associated with knowledge level, while gender was not significant. Younger teachers and those with more years of training showed better performance in cardiac, choking, trauma, and general emergency domains. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that primary school teachers in Erbil generally had fair knowledge of basic first aid, with training being the strongest predictor of higher knowledge. Expanding practical and theory-based training programs is essential to equip teachers with adequate first aid skills, ensuring student safety and effective management of school emergencies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jawdat Mamand Alhagbaker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contraceptive Pill Side Effects and Their Prevalence Among Women Attending Maternal and Child Health Centers in the Kurdistan Region
Background and Aim: In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, contraceptive pills are widely used for family planning, but their side effects can significantly influence women’s health and healthcare-seeking behavior. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of side effects associated with contraceptive pills among women attending maternal and child health centers. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to April 2023 in maternal and child health centers across Erbil, Sulaimani, and Duhok, using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, clinical history, and side effects of contraceptive pills. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and Chi-square tests were applied to examine associations between major side effects and demographic or clinical characteristics. Results: Among 671 participants, the most frequently reported side effects were painful or missed periods (44.7%), headache (44.4%), fatigue (38.0%), and vision problems (35.3%). Rare but notable complications included blood clots (1.8%), breast lumps (3.3%), stroke (0.3%), and heart attack (0.4%). Younger women (20–29 years) reported higher rates of painful or missed periods (50.0%), while combined pill users experienced significantly higher frequencies of all major side effects compared to progesterone-only users (p < 0.001). Duration of use and higher education level were also significantly associated with increased prevalence of side effects (p < 0.05). Healthcare-seeking behavior showed 57.7% of women with side effects consulted providers, with gynecologists most frequently approached. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that side effects of contraceptive pills are common among women in the Kurdistan Region, with significant variations by age, education, type, and duration of use. Strengthening counseling services and providing accurate information on potential side effects are essential for improving contraceptive adherence and safeguarding women’s reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jawdat Mamand Alhagbaker, Wahida Abdullah Ibrahim, Lana Abdul Hamed Muhamed, Sideeq Sadir Ali, Jihad Haji Saleh, Ammar Yassin Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scrolling vs. Studying: The Impact of Social Media on High School Students’ Study Habits in Erbil, 2024-2025
Background and Aim: High school students are increasingly engaged with social media, which may influence their study habits, academic performance, and overall lifestyle. This study aimed to analyze the demographic patterns of social media use, its perceived impact on study habits, and the effectiveness of management strategies among high school students in Erbil. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 12th of July to 11th of November, 2024, in five public high schools in Erbil. Convenience sampling was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information and the Social Media and Study Habits Assessment Scale (SMSHAS), which measured distraction, lifestyle disruption, and academic outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA were conducted to assess associations between social media use, demographic variables, academic indicators, and management strategies. Results: A total of 500 students participated in the study. Most students reported daily social media use of 1–2 hours (37.2%) or 2–4 hours (34.0%), while 7.4% exceeded six hours. The most preferred platforms were YouTube (26.3%) and TikTok (25.7%). Negative impacts were common, with 73.8% reporting laziness, 62.0% experiencing sleep or eating difficulties, and 78.8% perceiving wasted time. Academic performance was significantly associated with daily usage hours (p < 0.001), as students using social media more than six hours daily had the lowest GPA (2.51 ± 0.79) compared to those using 1–2 hours (3.42 ± 0.58). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that high school students in Erbil are highly exposed to social media, with significant negative impacts on study habits and academic performance, particularly among heavy users. Educational stakeholders and policymakers should promote awareness campaigns and encourage the use of effective management strategies to support students in balancing digital engagement with academic success.
Academic Performance and Learning Outcomes
Copyright (c) 2025 Shamsadeen Abdullah Mohammed, Helen Naif Ahmad, Mohammed Tayeb Sadeeq, Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan, Zakaria Tahsin khdir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Crossed Testicular Ectopia in a Three-Year-Old: Case Report and Literature Review
Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is a rare congenital anomaly in which both testes descend toward the same hemiscrotum, with fewer than 150 cases reported in the literature. We present the case of a three-year-old boy who was admitted with swelling in the left inguinal region and bilaterally empty scrotum. Ultrasonography revealed one testis in the left inguinal canal and absence of the right testis. During inguinal exploration, both testes were found on the left side, confirming CTE. Each testis demonstrated normal morphology, vascularity, and adequate cord length, allowing successful left subdartos orchiopexy and right transseptal orchiopexy. The postoperative course was smooth, and follow-up confirmed proper placement of both testes in their respective scrotal compartments. This case emphasizes the importance of considering CTE in children with unilateral inguinal hernia and contralateral non-palpable testis and highlights the role of timely surgical intervention in preserving fertility and reducing malignancy risk.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yadgar Shwani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Persistent Antimicrobial Activity in Piezocatalytic Nanoparticles: The Critical Role of Synthesis Design
Traditional antimicrobial strategies depend on the sustained presence of active agents, which often lose efficacy once degraded or removed. Recent advances in nanomaterial engineering challenge this paradigm, with piezocatalytic systems exhibiting enduring antimicrobial activity well beyond external stimulation. Optimized synthesis parameters—particularly calcination, defect engineering, and ultrasonic treatment—create crystalline architectures that sustain reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation even in the absence of continuous input. These features transform antimicrobial activity into a programmable material property, preserved by careful post-synthesis handling. Potential applications include bactericidal surfaces in healthcare and continuous disinfection in water treatment, reducing dependence on chemical agents. Importantly, such physically driven mechanisms offer strategic advantages against multidrug-resistant organisms by minimizing selective pressure for resistance. Overall, strategic synthesis design enables the creation of durable, self-renewing antimicrobial platforms with profound implications for global infection control.
Copyright (c) 2025 Safin Hussein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI) for Intensive Suicidal Ideation: A Narrative Review of a Rare and Critical Approach in Suicide Prevention
Suicide is a significant global public health issue, and suicidal ideation poses a substantial risk, especially when it becomes intensive, characterized by persistent and severe thoughts of suicide. Despite the high risk, effective interventions specifically targeting individuals with intensive suicidal ideation remain limited. The Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI) offers a novel approach to addressing this gap. By focusing on critical junctures, TMBI is designed to leverage teachable moments—naturally occurring events that create heightened awareness and motivation for change—to provide timely and focused intervention for those in suicidal crises. The intervention involves a single session that includes collaborative assessment, safety planning, and the identification of protective factors, all aimed at reducing suicidal ideation and promoting safety. However, the successful implementation of TMBI is not without its obstacles. Implementing TMBI faces challenges such as ensuring clinician preparedness, addressing short-term crisis management, and ensuring continuity of care. Given these challenges, future directions for TMBI involve enhancing clinician training, adapting the intervention for diverse populations, and integrating TMBI with other evidence-based strategies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of research on TMBI for intensive suicidal ideation.
Teachable Moment Brief Intervention (TMBI)
Copyright (c) 2025 Hardi Abdulqader (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Metabolic Memory in Cancer Cells: Unraveling the Long-Term Epigenetic Footprint of Transient Stressors – A Narrative Review
Cancer cells demonstrate remarkable metabolic plasticity, allowing them to adapt and endure under harsh conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and chemotherapy. This plasticity is not merely short-term; it can create a cellular memory that persists. Notably, exposure to stressful conditions can trigger stable epigenetic changes that preprogram cell behavior, enhancing tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines the phenomenon of metabolic memory in cancer, aiming to explain how temporary stressors lead to long-term epigenetic adaptations that reshape cellular metabolism and phenotype. Key mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, all of which contribute to the reprogramming of metabolic pathways. This concept could hold therapeutic potential. Reversing stress-induced remodeling may be possible by focusing on metabolic enzymes or epigenetic regulators. Such strategies could enhance treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karez Abdulghany , Huda Jabbar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evergreen Plants in Medicine: A Narrative Review of Their Therapeutic Potential and Pharmacological Applications
Evergreen plants, known for retaining their foliage throughout the year, play an essential ecological and medicinal role across diverse environments. Traditionally valued in various healing systems, these plants offer year-round accessibility and are rich in pharmacologically active compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botanical characteristics, phytochemical profiles, ethnobotanical uses, and pharmacological mechanisms of evergreen plants, while highlighting their clinical applications and research limitations. Evergreen species such as Taxus brevifolia, Camellia sinensis, and Ilex paraguariensis have demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. These properties are largely attributed to bioactive compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which interact with molecular pathways relevant to chronic and infectious diseases. Despite these promising attributes, current research is hindered by challenges such as inconsistent extraction methods, limited clinical trials, and threats to biodiversity due to overharvesting. This review highlights the need for standardized, interdisciplinary research approaches and sustainable practices to fully realize the medicinal potential of evergreen plants. It is recommended that future studies prioritize clinical validation, conservation, and integration of traditional knowledge into evidence-based frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shilan Farhad Mamand, Jihad Haji Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Psychological Effect of Antimicrobial Resistance in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
Background and Aim: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common form of head and neck cancer, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has made its treatment increasingly challenging. AMR contributes to treatment failures, increased morbidity, and reduced survival rates among OSCC patients. Beyond these clinical impacts, this review aims to evaluate the psychological burdens associated with AMR in OSCC and to explore the effectiveness of mental health interventions tailored to these patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. To ensure a thorough examination of the topic, the review focused on the intersection of AMR, OSCC, and mental health interventions, with studies published from March 2001 to August 2024 being considered. Results: A total of 62 studies were reviewed, revealing that AMR in OSCC significantly exacerbates psychological burdens such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Interventions like mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) were identified as effective in reducing psychological distress and improving quality of life. Conclusion: The results indicate that AMR significantly worsens the psychological well-being of OSCC patients. Healthcare providers and policymakers are recommended to integrate mental health support into standard cancer care, enhance training on the psychological impact of AMR, and address barriers to mental health services. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating innovative mental health interventions and strategies to mitigate the impact of AMR on OSCC patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shilan Farhad Mamand, Hardi Abdulqader Hasan, Akam Fareeq Saber, Mardin Fareeq Saber, Jihad Haji Saleh, Radhwan Saifadin Sabah, Sima siyamand hussein, Suha Saeed Azeez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Women's Knowledge About Ovarian Cysts at a Maternity Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil, 2024–2025.
Background and Aim: In Erbil, Iraq, limited awareness about ovarian cysts among women can delay diagnosis, affect treatment decisions, and contribute to complications. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding ovarian cysts among women attending Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 15, 2024, to January 15, 2025, at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil. A structured questionnaire was used, which included socio-demographic characteristics and 27 items assessing knowledge related to the definition, types, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, and prevention and treatment of ovarian cysts. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between knowledge levels and demographic variables, followed by ordinal regression analysis for adjusted associations. Results: A total of 220 women participated in the study. More than half demonstrated a fair level of knowledge, while a substantial proportion had good awareness, particularly regarding symptoms and prevention methods. A statistically significant association was found between number of children and knowledge levels, with women who had fewer or no children showing better understanding. Ordinal regression analysis further confirmed that marital status significantly influenced knowledge, with divorced women having higher knowledge levels than others. Conclusions: The study revealed that most women had fair to good knowledge about ovarian cysts, particularly in symptomatic and preventive aspects. Policymakers and healthcare providers are recommended to implement targeted educational programs to improve awareness, especially in areas related to causes, risk factors, and complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Srwa Abdulrahman Mustafa, Ala Sabah Nashat, Eman Qaid Ebrahim, Dashne Kayfi Majid, Gardoon Yassin Abdulrahman, Jihad Haji Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Weaning at Maternity and Raparin Teaching Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Erbil, 2024–2025.
Background and Aim: In Erbil, Iraq, weaning practices play a critical role in early childhood nutrition and maternal decision-making. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding weaning among mothers attending Maternity Teaching Hospital and Raparin Teaching Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Maternity Teaching Hospital and Raparin Teaching Hospital from September 15 to November 5, 2024, using purposive sampling. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: the first included demographic data, while the second and third were self-structured tools developed to assess mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward weaning. Chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and ordinal regression were used to examine associations between the main variables and potential confounding factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 Results: A total of 235 mothers participated in the study. The findings showed that most mothers demonstrated fair levels of both knowledge and attitude toward weaning, with mean scores of 33.99 ± 2.89 and 30.48 ± 3.76, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.31, p < .001), indicating that greater knowledge was associated with a more favorable attitude. Ordinal regression analysis identified the number of children as a significant predictor of both knowledge and attitude levels, while other socio-demographic variables showed no significant associations. Conclusions: The study concluded that mothers in Erbil generally have fair knowledge and attitudes toward weaning. Policymakers and healthcare providers are recommended to implement targeted educational programs to enhance maternal awareness and promote positive weaning practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shamsadeen Abdullah Mohammed, Zainab Muzafar Muhammad, Hanan Shawkat Kamal, Payam Sarbaz Muhammed, Hanan Nazm Arf, Hardi Abdulqadir Hasan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Esteem, Stigma, and Coping Strategies Among Breast Cancer Patients in Erbil City, 2024–2025.
Background and Aim: Breast cancer patients often face psychological challenges, including diminished self-esteem and stigma, which can impact their coping strategies. This study aimed to assess the levels of self-esteem and stigma among breast cancer patients in Erbil City and analyze their relationship with coping mechanisms. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10, 2024, to February 20, 2025, in two hospitals in Erbil City, using purposive sampling. The study contained four parts, including demographic data and three standardized tools: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) to assess self-esteem, the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) to evaluate stigma, and the Cancer Coping Questionnaire to measure coping strategies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression applied to examine associations between self-esteem, stigma, coping strategies, and demographic variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 109 breast cancer patients participated in the study. The mean scores for self-esteem, stigma, and coping strategies were 26.84 ± 7.33, 122.47 ± 16.90, and 53.47 ± 14.72, respectively, indicating that all three variables were at a moderate level among participants. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between stigma and self-esteem (r = -0.16, p < 0.001), suggesting that higher stigma was associated with lower self-esteem. Additionally, stigma was negatively correlated with coping strategies (r = -0.61, p < 0.001), while self-esteem was positively correlated with coping strategies (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), indicating that higher self-esteem was linked to better coping strategies. Conclusion: The study found that breast cancer patients had moderate levels of stigma, self-esteem, and coping strategies. It is recommended that policymakers and healthcare providers develop targeted psychosocial interventions to reduce stigma, enhance coping mechanisms, and improve self-esteem among breast cancer patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousif Abdulsatar Jabbar, Banaz Othman Ali, Amez Abubakr Omar, Arena Nawzad Awsu, Ahmed Ali Rasool, Mosleh Saber Kareem, Arpi Manookian, Ahmed Naif Ali, Safin Hussein, Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Metachronous Unilateral Ovarian Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma with Chemotherapy Response: A Case Report
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) rarely metastasizes to the ovary, with only a few dozen cases reported in the literature. We report a rare case of a 23-year-old woman who initially presented with a large left renal mass and underwent radical nephrectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed unclassified clear renal adenocarcinoma. After completing six cycles of chemotherapy and three years of regular follow-up, a left adnexal mass was detected. Imaging and core biopsy confirmed metastatic ovarian involvement with histologic features identical to the primary renal tumor. The patient responded favorably to a second chemotherapy course, and laparoscopic oophorectomy revealed no residual malignancy. This case emphasizes the importance of long-term surveillance in RCC patients and highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by rare metastatic presentations mimicking primary ovarian tumors. Awareness of such rare pathways is essential for timely diagnosis, proper therapeutic decisions, and improved patient outcomes through multidisciplinary collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yadgar Abduljabbar Shwani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epigenetic Dysregulation and Cancer Progression: How Epigenetic Modifications Shape Tumor Fate
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, play crucial roles in regulating gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. In cancer, these epigenetic processes are often disrupted, contributing to tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This article reviews the latest findings on epigenetic dysregulation in cancer, emphasizing how these modifications influence tumor behavior and presenting novel therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the epigenome. Additionally, we explore the potential for integrating epigenetic biomarkers into precision oncology to enhance patient outcomes, with a focus on recent advancements from 2022 to 2025.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farzand Farhad Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Immuno-Gene Therapies in Oncology: A New Era Beyond Chemotherapy
The field of oncology is undergoing a revolution, and it is transforming away from the conventional limits of chemotherapy into more targeted, durable, and patient-specific approaches. This commentary explores the compelling case for elevating cancer immuno-gene therapies to the forefront of cancer treatment. By leveraging the body's immune system and gene-editing technologies, these therapies are offering a paradigm shift-one that battles cancer at its gene and immunologic root rather than targeting merely the symptoms or halting cell growth. We scrutinize critically the drawbacks of chemotherapy, such as toxicity, non-specificity, and high relapse potential, against the progress made with CAR-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccine, and genetically modified immune cells. The backdrop is against which developments in CRISPR and synthetic biology are making better and targeted treatments less toxic. In spite of challenges like immense expense, regulatory challenges, and the intricacy of delivery mechanisms, the clinical and scientific impetus behind immuno-gene therapies is overwhelming. This paper argues that these technologies are not add-ons to conventional therapies but the building blocks of future oncology research. Focusing on the development of cancer immuno-gene therapies, the discipline can get closer to the age-old vision of curative, patien.t-specific cancer therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farzand Farhad Hamid Hamid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introducing Health Innovation Reports: Pioneering Healthcare Excellence and Innovation
It is with great pride and anticipation that I present the inaugural issue of Health Innovation Reports (HIR). As Editor-in-Chief, I am honoured to share this significant milestone in our collective endeavour to advance evidence-based healthcare practices and innovation. Health Innovation Reports is conceived as a dynamic platform dedicated to disseminating cutting-edge research, insightful reviews, thought-provoking commentaries, and impactful case reports. Our primary objective is to bridge the gap between innovative health science research and clinical practice, fostering a community of informed clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and healthcare advocates. In recent years, the healthcare landscape has undergone dramatic transformations, propelled by technological advancements, shifting disease patterns, and evolving patient expectations. Amid these changes, timely access to accurate, reliable, and innovative health information has never been more critical. HIR emerges in response to this essential need, with a commitment to rigorous peer review and a robust ethical framework designed to ensure transparency, integrity, and scientific excellence in all published works. This inaugural issue has been thoughtfully crafted to reflect our dedication to diverse and multidisciplinary research. It contains original research articles exploring contemporary healthcare challenges and innovative solutions, alongside expert reviews that provide in-depth analyses of critical issues, and a compelling case report offering practical insights drawn from real-world clinical experiences. Each contribution exemplifies our commitment not only to scientific inquiry but also to practical applicability. Our editorial board comprises esteemed scholars and clinicians from diverse international backgrounds who share our vision of fostering innovation and excellence in healthcare research. We are deeply appreciative of their guidance, dedication, and unwavering commitment to maintaining the high scientific standards of HIR. Furthermore, we warmly welcome engagement from the global healthcare community. Your active participation as readers, authors, reviewers, and advocates is essential to our journal's growth and impact. We encourage submissions that challenge current paradigms, provoke thoughtful discussion, and contribute meaningfully to the advancement of healthcare on a global scale. As we embark on this exciting journey, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to our contributors, reviewers, editorial team, and, most importantly, you—our readers—for your trust and support. We look forward to your valuable insights, feedback, and future contributions. Together, let us shape Health Innovation Reports into a trusted source of knowledge and innovation, committed to improving health outcomes worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0